@Article{KozaiMKKSDSBMASDHEST:2016:GlMuDe,
               author = "Kozai, M. and Munakata, K. and Kato, C. and Kuwabara, T. and 
                         Silva, Marlos Rockenbach da and Dal Lago, Alisson and Schuch, 
                         Nelson Jorge and Braga, Carlos Roberto and Mendon{\c{c}}a, Rafael 
                         Rodrigues Souza de and Al Jassar, H. K. and Sharma, M. M. and 
                         Duldig, M. L. and Humble, J. E. and Evenson, P. and Sabbah, I. and 
                         Tokumaru, M.",
          affiliation = "{Shinshu University} and {Shinshu University} and {Shinshu 
                         University} and {Chiba University} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 
                         (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Kuwait 
                         University} and {Kuwait University} and {University of Tasmania} 
                         and {University of Tasmania} and {University of Delaware} and 
                         {College of Health Sciences} and {Nagoya University}",
                title = "Average spatial distribution of cosmic rays behind the 
                         interplanetary shock - Global muon detector network observations",
              journal = "Astrophysical Journal",
                 year = "2016",
               volume = "825",
               number = "2",
                pages = "100",
                month = "July",
             keywords = "astroparticle physics, cosmic rays, interplanetary medium, 
                         methods: data analysis, solar wind, Sun: coronal mass ejections 
                         (CMEs).",
             abstract = "We analyze the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) density and its spatial 
                         gradient in Forbush Decreases (FDs) observed with the Global Muon 
                         Detector Network (GMDN) and neutron monitors (NMs). By superposing 
                         the GCR density and density gradient observed in FDs following 45 
                         interplanetary shocks (IP-shocks), each associated with an 
                         identified eruption on the Sun, we infer the average spatial 
                         distribution of GCRs behind IP-shocks. We find two distinct 
                         modulations of GCR density in FDs, one in the magnetic sheath and 
                         the other in the coronal mass ejection (CME) behind the sheath. 
                         The density modulation in the sheath is dominant in the western 
                         flank of the shock, while the modulation in the CME ejecta stands 
                         out in the eastern flank. This east-west asymmetry is more 
                         prominent in GMDN data responding to \∼60 GV GCRs than in 
                         NM data responding to \∼10 GV GCRs, because of the softer 
                         rigidity spectrum of the modulation in the CME ejecta than in the 
                         sheath. The geocentric solar ecliptic-y component of the density 
                         gradient, G y, shows a negative (positive) enhancement in FDs 
                         caused by the eastern (western) eruptions, while G z shows a 
                         negative (positive) enhancement in FDs caused by the northern 
                         (southern) eruptions. This implies that the GCR density minimum is 
                         located behind the central flank of IP-shocks and propagating 
                         radially outward from the location of the solar eruption. We also 
                         confirmed that the average G z changes its sign above and below 
                         the heliospheric current sheet, in accord with the prediction of 
                         the drift model for the large-scale GCR transport in the 
                         heliosphere.",
                  doi = "10.3847/0004-637X/825/2/100",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/825/2/100",
                 issn = "0004-637X and 1538-4357",
             language = "en",
        urlaccessdate = "27 abr. 2024"
}